Following the Arab Spring, some Islamist currents became heavily involved in democratic politics, while others spawned "the most aggressive and ambitious Islamist militia" to date, such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Īccording to Robin Wright, Islamist movements have "arguably altered the Middle East more than any trend since the modern states gained independence", redefining "politics and even borders". However, Qutb openly denounced the killing of innocents. Others, notably Qutb, called for violence, and his followers are generally considered Islamic extremists. Many Islamist movements, such as the Muslim Brotherhood (designated as a terrorist organization by Bahrain, Russia, Syria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates), have been willing to pursue their ends by peaceful political processes, rather than revolutionary means. Ĭentral and prominent figures in 20th-century Islamism include Sayyid Rashid Rida, Hassan al-Banna, Sayyid Qutb, Abul A'la Maududi, Hasan al-Turabi, and Ruhollah Khomeini. Some authors prefer the term "Islamic activism", while Islamist political figures such as Rached Ghannouchi use the term "Islamic movement" rather than Islamism. The term itself is not popular among many Islamists who believe it inherently implies violent tactics, human rights violations, and political extremism when used by Western mass media. Fuller describe it as a form of identity politics, involving "support for identity, authenticity, broader regionalism, revivalism, revitalization of the community." Islamists may emphasize the implementation of sharia, pan-Islamic political unity, the creation of Islamic states, or the outright removal of non-Muslim influences particularly of Western or universal economic, military, political, social, or cultural nature in the Muslim world that they believe to be incompatible with Islam and a form of Western neocolonialism.
Ideologies dubbed Islamist may advocate a " revolutionary" strategy of Islamizing society through exercise of state power, or alternately a " reformist" strategy to re-Islamizing society through grassroots social and political activism.
Islamism (also often called political Islam or Islamic fundamentalism) is a political ideology which posits that modern states and regions should be reconstituted in constitutional, economic and judicial terms, in accordance with what is conceived as a revival or a return to authentic Islamic practice in its totality.
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